In dispute is the one state of a claim YourCA cannot work out for itself. Nothing in your payments or the builder's schedule says it. So you set it, on a claim you served.
The Actions menu on each row also does four other things. It opens the claim. It records the claim as served after approval. It records a payment. It withdraws and re-serves the claim.
Mark as resolved takes the claim back to served. YourCA then works out where it stands from your payments and the builder's schedule again. It changes no figure and moves no deadline.
The same control is on the served claim itself, under Where this claim stands.